Refrigerating system



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. Patented June 20, 193g nEFmGEnATiNG SYSTEM Perry Okey, Columbus, Ohio, -assignor of onehalf t Ell'l R. Alldllx, Columbus, 0h10 Application August 1o, 1937, serial No. 158,383 commit (ci. ca -152) This invention relates to an improved'reirlgerating system, an object thereof being to provide a refrigerating system having a novel heat cycle through the use ofwhich economies in the con- 5 sumption of a motivating heat transfer'l fluid'are obtainable.

One of the problemsfrequently encountered in the installation and operation of certain refrigv erating systems liesjin the dimculty and/or expense of obtaining suliicient water into which the waste heat of the system may be rejected.

'Thus in many localities where high temperatures prevail, there often exists a high scarcity-of water and concomitant high' water expense.

It isone of the primary purposes of this invention to provide a cycle which uses but a minimum quantity of water, or other corresponding operating iiuid. In a certain sense, the cycle emof construction employed by my improved sysployed by the present invention may not he conf? vsidered thermodynamically eilicient, as heat is rejected at a relatively high temperature but this offset bythe structural simplicity of the system and its economical use of water.

reference is to be had to the accompanying drawing, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic sectional viewof the apparatus employed in my improved refrigerating system; t Fig. 2 is`a chart showing the heat balance oi' l the system. l L

Referring more particularly to the drawing, there is illustrated in Figure l'the structural ele ments of the system to which legends and data have been applied disclosing the quantities of water delivered to the system, the quantity of heat supplied by the re, the quantity of heat removed from the refrigerated area or cold room, various heat transfers, the expansionv and compression of the steam, changes in 'entropy and.

total heats ateach change of pressure and other mathematical and operative functions compris- For a further understanding of the invention,

' to generate high` pressure steam in the boiler, this erated. A pipe I is provided to supply feed water to the evaporator E.

A customary part of a steam jet compressor is the diii'user, shown at K, which is connected with a pipe L, the latter serving to carry a mixture of steam from the steam jet system into-the jacket J surrounding the boiler.

Steamirom this Jacket is led through a pipe N to the feed water heater O, from whence the steam is finally discharged to the atmosphere 10 through the pipe or outlet Q. A pipe P serves for delivering water to the feed water heater, and then pipe T leads from the heater into the boiler. For convenience of illustration, a gas burner H 1s shown as the source of heat for both the l5. boiler and superheater, and F indicates a pipe to supply gas to the burner.

Having brieiiy described the various elements tem, the cycle of operation may now be dis- 9" cussed.

'Ihe fundamental difference between this apparatus-andthe customary types of steam jet systems liesin the use of a very high temperaturel of superheat in the operating steam. By the use of this high initial temperature, the temperature and total heat in the system, after passage through the jet compressor.- are such that a very substantialtportion of its heat is available being done by passing the steam through th jacket surrounding -the boiler.

It Vwill be noted by reference to Fig. 1 of the drawing that the total heat in the steam passing through the vpipe L, and after passage through thev jet system, is`the sum of the heat in thel steam from the boiler and i'rom theevaporator,

' and that, by adiabatic compression by the steam jet, the steam from the evaporator has been raised m temperature from 32 F. to 1168"' F., 4

this'steam being also available to generate steam in the boiler.

A heat balance chart, disclosed in Fig. 2, shows that 16,148 B. t, u. are supplied by the' re or 3 heat developed by the operation of the burner'H and 9,992 B. t. u. are supplied to the boilerIrom.. the jacket. This heat as returned to'. the boiler from the jacket is inexcess of 61% of the heat supplied bythe burner, thus effecting a satisfactory overall emciency even though the iinal rejection of heat occurs at a temperature of 212 F. through outlet Q.

'In operation, 16.12 pounds of saturated steam is generated in the boiler B in one hour, at anv absolute pressure of 59.5 pounds per square inch. The steam is then superheated in the element D to l600 F. and subjected to adiabatic expansion in the jet nozzle to the pressure of .11705 pound per square inch existing in the evaporator E. After leaving the mouth of the nozzle, the 16.12 pounds-of boiler `steam carries with it 6.997 pounds of 39 F. steam from the evaporator, and the mixture of 23.112 pounds is then forced into the diuser K, wherein the velocity is reduced, the pressure increased adiabatically to that or, the atmosphere, 14.696 pounds per square inch, and the temperature raised to 1168 F.

This 23.12 pounds of high temperature steam is nowpassed through the'jacket J surrounding the boiler B, giving up during such passage 9992 B. t. u. to th'e fluid in the boiler. The temperature of the steam leaving the jacket through the pipe N is 292.2 F., the pressure that oi! the atmosphere and the heat content 27,497 B. t. u. In passing through the feed water heater O, 2993 B. t. u. are given up to 16.12 pounds of feed water, the latter being raised in temperature from 82 F. to 267.6 F. and delivered to the boiler at thatlast-named temperature.

'I'he exhaust steam is now delivered to the atmosphere at 212 with a quality of `90%% and a heat content of 24,504 B. t. u., this nal -'rejection completing the cycle.

It will be understood that the depiction of a ja'cket around the boiler is used in the drawing for the sake of simplicity, since it is not my desire to limit the construction of apparatus to such a design, as more eiective means may be provided by a series .of tubes, the walls of which separate the two mediums. Neither do I wish the design of the boiler or evaporator to be conilned to the type shown in the drawing, nor need vthe temperatures or pressures used in practiI `be those indicated on the drawing. The val s` herein shown were selected because the entropy of both the superheated steam from the boiler and the saturated steam irom the evaporator are identicaL'i. e., 2.1631, hus facilitatingthe verication of the heat balance set forth.

To further simplify a studyoil the system, the

. boiler eillciency is assumed to be 100%, but the emciency of the steam jet system`is assumed to be 80%. The result of this assumption causes the mixture of steam leaving the jet system to for generating and a heater for superheating high pressure steam, an evaporator having a vapor outlet, a nozzle to which high pressure steam from said boiler and heater is delivered, said nozzle being disposed in the outletof said evaporator, the expansion of the high pressure steam by said nozzle serving to compress vapor discharged from said evaporator through said outlet, and means for transferring heat from the combinedvapors to the boiler to vaporize the liquid in the boiler.

2. A refrigerating system comprising a boiler for generating high pressure steam, means for superheating the steam generated in said boiler,

a steam jet compressor to which steam obtained from said superheater is delivered for expansion, a Water evaporator having a vapor outlet leading to said jet compressor, a heat exchanger disposed adjacent tosaid boiler, Aand means for passing vapors discharged from said jet compressor through said heat exchanger to utilize'a portion of the heat contained therein for vaporizing fluids within said boiler. Y

3. A refrigerating system comprising a boiler for generating high pressure steam, means for superheating the steam generated in said boiler,

--a steam jet compressor to which steam obtained from said superheater is delivered for expansion, a water evaporator having a,vapor outlet leading to said jet compressor, a heat exchanger disposed adjacent to said boiler, means for passing vvapors discharged from said jet compressor y ingto said jet compressor, a heat exchanger disposed adjacent to said boiler, means forpassing vapors discharged from said Jet compressor through said heat exchanger to utilize a'portion of the heat contained therein for vaporlzing fluid within said boiler, means i'pr supplying feed; water to said boiler, means for utilizing heat rema'ining in 'the vapors eleased from said ,heat exchanger to preheat t e water passing to the boiler through said supply means, and means to reject theremaining vapors to the atmosphere after passage through said feed water heating means.

PERRY OKEY. 

